The language spoken in the area of peshawar, abbottabad, etc was called hindko, in central punjab it was punjabi and around multan it came to be known as seraiki. Besides pakistan, hindko is also spoken in afghanistan, where it is. The study is a typological profile of 31 indoaryan ia languages in the. The strange and littleknown case of hindko livemint. Most afghans are bilingual and are fluent in both languages. It is spoken by the pashtuns living in afghanistan, pakistan and india. Bisateshatranj a new book in dari, written by hassan raza changezi and. Afghanistan is a multilingual country in which two languages dari and pashto are both official and most widely spoken dari is the official name of the variety of persian language spoken in afghanistan. Pakistans regional languages face extinction the national. Then almost all mandirs and gurdwaras were repaired and rebuilt in 1970s. The inquiry into the history of the hazara mongols of afghanistan by e. The 185page book of hindko poetry such dey deway is by sabir hussain imdad. More than twofifths of the population speak pashto, the language of the pashtuns, while about half speak some dialect of persian. List of books and articles about afghan history online.
Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Description a practical guide to hindko grammar hindko is one of the charming languages of the pakindo subcontinent which is spoken broadly in the districts of abbottabad, haripur, mansehra, attock and the cities like peshawar, nowshera, swabi, kohat and some other cities and towns of pakistan. Hindko shares more than 23rds vocabulary with vernacular punjabi, especially the potohari dialect, so. This is a study of an almost inaccessible area of the intricate linguistic fabric of afghanistan namely, its secret codes of communication. The imperial gazetteer of india 1905 for north west. During mid 1960s gurdwara sahib at karte parwan was built.
Afghanistan simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In this page those books are available which or studying in hindko language schoo. Thus we are privileged to see the landscape, the people, and rulers, the events through different eyes. Pashto sometimes spelled pukhto or pakhto, is a language in the eastern iranian group of the. Rensch 1992 claimed that in popular usage hindko may refer to language as it was frequently used in old literature. A senior hindko writer, poet and research scholar, muhammad ziauddin, has written the foreword to the publication. Allama iqbals persian work translated into hindko the. Pashto belongs to the indoeuropean languages family. The most common second language for hindkospeakers in pakistan is urdu and the second most common one is pashto. Persian to its native speakers, the name was officially changed to dari in. Gateway to pakistan studies class 10 kpk text book board.
He said that pashto and hindko are two important languages of the region and have a great linguistic affinity. From the viewpoint of some scholars hindko is a dialect of panjabi and to the others it is a. In this way afghan children not only learn the literacy skills they need but also become familiar with these classic stories, think about them and learn from them. The gandhara hindko academy, peshawar, has reprinted rare books on history, culture and archaeology penned by late scholar sardar muhammad jaffar who was popularly known as. Hinduism in afghanistan is practiced by a tiny minority of afghans, believed to be about 1,000 individuals who live mostly in kabul and other major cities of the country before the islamic conquest of afghanistan, the afghan people were multireligious religious persecution, discrimination and forced conversion of hindus has caused the hindu, buddhist and sikh population to dwindle in. Pdf the learning of pashto in north india and pakistan. The commentary is in hindko dialect of west punjabi language.
Regerawaan of late khwaja ghulam fareed, penname fareedarsh, received professor muhammad shafi sabir award for the best urdu. Official government documents in afghanistan are published in both languages. The text draws on a profound knowledge of afghanistan and neighbouring regions, as well as the cultural and sociolinguistic processes at work across eurasia. Pashto, designated a critical language by the us department of defense, is one of two official languages of afghanistan and is also spoken in parts of pakistan. Pashto speakers fled to peshawar from neighbouring afghanistan over. Rensch 1992 also attributes dialectal variation among the varieties of speech called hindko to their geographic location. William dalrymples top 10 books on afghanistan books.
Pashto and dari persian are the two official languages of afghanistan. Pashto pushto or pakhto is the official language of afghanistan. In 1980, other regional languages were granted official status in the regions where they are the language of the majority. A senior hindko writer, poet and research scholar, mohammad ziauddin, has written the foreword to the publication. The people of afghanistan form a complex mosaic of ethnic and linguistic groups. The official languages of the country are dari and pashto, as established by the 1964 constitution of afghanistan. Afghans often seem to have used pashto as a private language. Afghanistan is bordered by iran on the west, by pakistan on the east and south, and by turkmenistan, uzbekistan, and tajikistan on the north. Both dari also called farsi and pashto belong to the indoeuropean family of languages. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Are hindkowans in afghanistannwfp descendents of ancient. Pashto language simple english wikipedia, the free. Dari is the most widely spoken language of afghanistans official languages and acts as a lingua franca for the country. The term hind changed to sind now i shall deal with the various explanations and arguments that say that the word hindu was the corruption of word sindu, point by point.
The status of the dari and pashto languages has always been a sensitive issue in afghanistan. Afghanistan officially called islamic republic of afghanistan. Secret languages of afghanistan and their speakers. It is, in fact, an alternative term for hindko used first by avesta the zoroastrians holy book meaning anything belonging to hind. Practical guide to hindko grammar by halil dr toker. The men of wwii were the greatest generation, perhaps korea the forgotten, vietnam the trampled, cold war unsung and iraqi freedom and afghanistan vets underestimated. Besides pakistan, hindko is also spoken in afghanistan, where it is referred to as hindki and largely understood to be the language of its nonmuslim population, i. Hindko literally the language of india is one of 72 tongues spoken.
Hazara hindko, kagani, kaghani, northern hindko home page acknowledgments feedback powered by onehundredfold. About 50 percent of afghans speak dari, and some 40 percent speak pashto. A brief introduction of hindko language 473 difficult to classify due to a wide geographic range, linguistic divergence and some convergence with punjabi which is classified in central group 1979, 1980. It is the provincial language in khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan. Hindko is a cover term for a diverse group of lahnda western punjabi dialects spoken by. Hindko is a dialect of punjabi the same way waziri and mehsud pashto are dialects of pashto. Hindko academy reprints rare books on history, culture. Origins of pashto language and phases of its literary evolution. Other resources for the bible in the kohat hindko language. Islamic and middle eastern studies jewish studies law library and information science, book studies. Other languages in afghanistan include turkic languages uzbek and turkmen, baluchi, pashai, nuristan, and. Niamatullah herawi had reflected the tradition in his book makhzani.
What is the official language of afghanistan and how many. Going forward lets not send our servicemen and women off to war or conflict zones unless it is overwhelmingly justifiable and on moral high ground. He stated that being two important languages of the region pashto and hindko had. Dari persian and pashto are the two official languages of afghanistan. The hindko language folk songs are part of the novel as well. After that, the first grammar book of pashto verbs was written in 1805 under the title of riyaz alma. The name is found in greek references to the mountainous.
Mohammad ziauddin has written the prologue while a hindko poet, sabeeh ahmad, has commented on the verses composed. A cultural and political history by thomas barfield is a learned, detailed, well written book by an anthropologist, not a historian. How a language named after india came to be spoken in pakistan. A brief introduction of hindko language 472 the term hindki. Hindko project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks read. There is also a small diaspora in afghanistan, which includes members of the sikh community who. The name hindko simply means indian of the indus, 2 and has been applied to various dialects spoken in northern pakistan, in the areas of the khyber pakhtunkhwa including hazara, punjab including attock, and pakistan administered kashmir, including by some pashtun tribes, as well as by the hindki people of afghanistan. First bible publication in this language was in 1965. Teacher guides teachers appreciate the opportunity to use stories from our own country together with modern, wellresearched teaching strategies.
347 780 306 175 113 745 532 343 65 60 1227 447 1425 1454 1550 457 1351 644 571 339 1375 1391 722 794 1088 186 644 130 1330 113 505 1183 297 1039 243 1356 698 956 296 576 515 1125 800 36